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Carlos Saavedra Lamas (November 1, 1878 – May 5, 1959) was an Argentine academic and politician, and in 1936, the first Latin American Nobel Peace Prize recipient.The achievement for which he received the Nobel Prize was as Argentina's foreign minister, which he was from 1932 to 1938 (during the presidency of Gral.Agustín pedro justo), mediating a treaty that effectively ended the Chaco war between Paraguay and Bolivia and instigating several multilateral nonaggression treaties.

Luis Federico Leloir (September 6, 1906 – December 2, 1987) was an Argentine doctor and biochemist who received the 1970 nobel prize in Chemistry. He was the first Spanish-speaking scientist to ever receive the award. Although born in France, Leloir received the majority of his education at the University of Buenos Aires and was director of the private research group Fundación Instituto Campomar until his death in 1987. Although his laboratories were often plagued by lack of financial support and second-rate equipment, his research into sugar nucleotides, carbohydrate metabolism, and renal hypertension has garnered international attention and fame and has led to significant progress in understanding, diagnosing and treating the congenital disease galactosemia. He is also credited with inventing salsa golf. Luis Leloir is buried in La Recoleta cemetery, Buenos Aires.

Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887–September 21, 1971) was an Argentine physiologist who in 1947 with carl ferdinand corii and Gerty Cori received Nobel Prize for Physiolofy or Medicide for their discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar in animals. He is the first Argentine and Latin American Nobel laureate in the Sciences.